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RESEARCH ARTICLE BIOSCIENCE
RESEARCH, 2025 22(2): 113-118.
OPEN ACCESS
Comparative study of oral antidiabetic
medications on the Rat Model
Patience
Nwonu1, Chukwunwike Nwonu2,
Bonaventure Obi1, Theophine Akunne1, Chisom Ekeugo1,
and Adaobi Ezike1
1Department
of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University
of Nigeria, Nsukka, P.M.B. 410001, Enugu, Enugu State, Nigeria
2Department
of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Basic Clinical Sciences, College
of Health Sciences, Rev. Fr. Moses Orshio Adasu University, P.M.B. 102343,
Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria
DOI:
Abstract
Introduction:
In recent times, comparing the
effects of oral antidiabetic agents as monotherapy or in combination in
controlling diabetes mellitus and other related complications has become
increasingly apparent. The study examined the effects of acarbose (AC),
pioglitazone (PGZ), and vildagliptin (VDG) on glycaemic control, as well as
on biochemical indices in an alloxan-induced diabetic rat model.
Materials and Methods: Adult Wistar rats were
induced with diabetes through the alloxan monohydrate (100 mgkg-1;
i.v.) administration. Five (5) groups of rats were utilized (n=6); group 1
filled in as the normal control, group 2 filled in as diabetic control group
3, while 4 and 5 were the diabetic experimental groups that got 30 mgkg-1day-1
of AC, PGZ, and VDG. Results: The study analysed
the effects of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), agents on blood glucose,
low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT),
high-density lipoprotein, total cholesterol (TC), alanine phosphatase, and
triacylglycerol (TAG) activities. In diabetic rats administered AC (P<0.05),
the result demonstrated [VDG (P<0.05) and PGZ (P>0.05)] marked
decreases in the blood glucose levels. The serum TC, LDL-C, and TAG levels
were significant in the AC (P<0.05) and VDG (P<0.05) groups,
and were additionally decreased in every treated group, the serum TAG level
was insignificantly (P>0.05) diminished in diabetic rats administered
PGZ. Likewise, in every single treated group compared with the diabetic
control group, ALP, AST, and ALT were significantly (P<0.05) reduced.
Conclusion: The administration of AC, PGZ, and
VDG displayed significant improvement in the biochemical indices altered
during diabetic-related manifestations in the experimental subjects.
However, VDG demonstrated superior anti-hyperglycaemic adequacy.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitus, Blood glucose, Alloxan,
Lipoproteins,
Liver enzymes
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