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RESEARCH ARTICLE                      BIOSCIENCE RESEARCH, 2025 22(2): 138-147.                     OPEN ACCESS

GC-MS analysis and in vivo anti-nociceptive and antidiarrheal activities of ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of Buxus wallichiana Bail

Nadia Kauser¹, Muhammad Adil^1,2, Abid Mahmood Alvi³, Asia Bibi⁴, Ambrin¹, Safeena Wahid¹, Samreen¹, Sunila Athshan Mir¹, Shabeena¹

¹Department of Chemical and Life Sciences, Qurtuba University of Science and Information Technology, Peshawar, Pakistan.

²Centre for Plant Sciences and Biodiversity, University of Swat, Charbagh, Pakistan

³Department of Plant Protection, Ghazi University, DG Khan, Pakistan

⁴Department of Horticulture, MNS University of Agriculture, Multan, Pakistan

DOI:

Abstract

Buxus wallichiana Bail is an important plant species in the Buxaceae family that has ethnobotanical importance and is well known for its ethnomedicinal applications. Whole plant and also parts of this plant is used as traditional medicines as depressive disorders, exhaustion, HIV, cancer, rheumatism, malaria, cardiac difficulties and skin issues because of its medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to identify the bioactive compounds in this plant by GC-MS analysis and to evaluate the in vivo biological activities like anti-noceceptive and antidirrheal activities. GCMS analysis was performed by standard procedure. Anti-nociceptive activity was assessed by tail immersion method while antidiarrheal activity was evaluated against castor oil induced diarrhea. GCMS analysis revealed 15 natural compounds in the ethanol and ethyl acetate extract of Buxus wallichiana of which 8 compounds were identified by ethanol extract and 7 compounds were by ethyl acetate extract exhibiting different pharmacological activities. For anti-nociceptive activity ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg were used. Maximum nociception inhibition was observed with an ethanol extract at dose of 300mg/kg, which was (12.35 ± 0.09) and (13.16 ± 0.34). For antidiarrheal activity both extracts at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg were used. At dose of 300mg/kg, both extract showed a highly substantial decrease in the total number of feces which is (11.3±1.4) on ethyl acetate and (9.4±0.58) on ethanol extract while the total number of dirrheal feces is (5.07±1.08) on ethyl acetate and (4.3±0.45) on ethanol extract. The study provides valuable pharmacognostic standards for Buxus wallichiana highlighting its significant potential against various diseases and its rich bioactive constituents as a source of pharmaceutical products.